Phase regulation.



No. 751,515.. V PATENTED APR.19,1904.

j 5. M. TINGLEY. 5

PHASE REGULATION.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 9, 1896.

NO MODEL.

WITNESSES INVENTOR v I Q! 1 0 I W My l ATTORNEY.

ma Noam: Pain: 00 PHOiO-UTD10., wan-6mm u. c,

UNIT D S'r-n'rns 1 Patented April 19, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

EGBERT M. TINGLEY, or wILKINsBUne, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE WESTINGHOUSE ELEc'rRIoANn' MANUFACTURING COMPANY, QF

PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

PHASE REGULATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Fatent No. 757,515 dated April 19, 1904.

- Application filed May 9, 1896. swarm. 590,841. (No model.)

and series fields of instruments employed for measuring the energy consumed by translating devices in alternating-current circuits.

The object of my invention is to provide a means whereby such an adjustment of the phase relation between the magnetic fields of such an instrument may be effected as will insure an accurate indication or registration 2 whatever may be thepower factor of the workcircui-t. 1

In alternating-current-measuring instruments the operation of which is dependent upon a difference in phase between the currents in the two actuating -coils or sets of coilssuch, for example, as that shown in Patent No. 531,867, granted to O; B. Shallenberger January 1, 1895-it is necessary to have a phase difference of substantially ninety de- 3 grees between the shunt'and series fields for a condition of no lag in the main or work circult 1n order to secure a correct indication or registration of the true energy in circuits car-' rying inductive loads having different power factors or in any given circuit the power factorof which is variable. This quadrature relation may be approximated in connection with single-phase circuits by the employment of a properly-designed inductance-coil in the 4 shunt-circuit, as described in the said Shallenberger patent. In order to secure a phase angle of exactly-ninety degrees, however, an additional correcting or adjusting means is usually necessary. Such a means is set forth in Patcut N 0. 548,231, granted to O. B. Shallenberger October 22, 1895. It consists of a closedcoil secondary located in the field of the main shunt-coil and having its magnetic circuit 00- incident with that of said shunt-coil, by virtue of which a component is added to the field of the shunt-coil, which serves to give the desired phase angle.

I propose to secure the desired phase angle between the shunt and series fields when there is no current lag in the work-circuit bydisplacing the current in one of the field-coils with referenceto that in the other or in bothof said coils. The means for effecting the desired result may be either a shunt to the series coil or coils having greater self-induction than said coil or coilsc'. 0., a shunt having a greater time constant-or it may be a non-inductive shunt to the shunt coil or coils-c. 6., a shunt having a lesser time constant than that of said coil or coil'sor it may comprise shunts of the proper kind and proportions for both the shunt and the series coils, being of course understood that in every case the shunt or shunts will be so proportioned as to properly coopcrate with the main coils of the instruments.

Reference being now hadto'the accompanyings drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram of a single-phase circuit and a wattmeter constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram of a modification of the invention. Fig. 3 is a diagram representing the various currents and phase angles involved in the apparatus when either the inductive shunt to the series coil or the series converter is employed. Fig. 4 is a diagram similar to Fig. 3, illustrating the phase adjustment by means of a non-inductive shunt to the shunt-coil; and Fig. 5 is a similar diagram illustrating the phase adjustment by means of both inductive and non-inductive shunts.

Reference being now had to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a is an alternating-current generator for supplying energy to the translating devices 6 either directly or through a transformer 0. I v

(Z is one of the actuating eoils of the meter provided with the magnetic core 6 and connected across-the work-circuit. The circuit of thiscoil (Z includes an inductance-coil f in order to retard the shunt-current with reference to the impressed electromotive force.

g is the rotatable armature of the meter, which is preferably in the form of a disk, as indicated.

h h are two 'coils connected in series in the work-circuit and located on the opposite side ofthe disk from the coil (Z. While two of these coils are shown, a single coil may be employed, if desired, provided it is properly located with reference to the coil (Z.

The construction thus far described when employed in connection with the necessary registering or indicating and retarding devices is suitable for determining the amount of electrical energy consumed in the workcircuit, provided there is substantially no inductive load on such circuit. It is found to be practically impossible, however, to produce the ninety-degree relation between the impressed electromotive force and the current in the shunt-coil of the meter that is desired in order to secure-accurate indication or registration for different inductive loads without the employment of some additional phaseadjusting means. Such a means is shown in Fig. 1 and comprises an inductive resistance 'Z, located in shunt to the series coil or coils of the meter, and a non-inductive resistanceZ in shunt to the coil (Z. The inductive resistance Z is of such proportions as to provide a lagging component, and thus advance the current in the series coils a certain amount, and the non-inductive shunt 1 is of such proportions as to provide a leading component, the two combining to produce the quadrature relation desired. The same result may be secured by employing only one of these shunts if it is of the proper character and proportions, and therefore I do not desire to limit my invention in this regard. In place of the inductive resistance 2' I may also employ a suitably designed and proportioned converter the primary of which is connected in series in the work circuit. Such a converter is shown at k in Fig. 2.

The relation of the various currents and phase angles involved in the apparatus when the inductive shunt to coils h h or the series converter of Fig. 2 is employed is shown in Fig. 3, in which line 0 E represents at a given instant the shunt-current; line 0 A, the current in the main circuit; line 0 D, which is equal and parallel to line B A, the current in the inductive shunt shown in Fig. 1 and also the magnetizing-current for the core of the series converter shown in Fig. 2.. The line 0 B, which constitutes one side of the parallelogram constructed on lines 0 A and O D, therefore represents the currentin the series coils, which is ninety degreesfrom the current in the shunt-coils. (Represented by line The angleA O B may he termed the angle of compensation,since it represents the element of correction applied to the series current. 3 The same result as regards phaseangle correction may be secured by means of the non-inductive shunt Z, applied to the ter minals of the shunt-coil d. This non-induct ive shunt obviously has no effect upon the current in the series coils, such as that produced by the inductive shunt of Fig. l and the series converter of Fig. 2; but it serves to provide a component in advance of that in the shunt-coil, and thus to retard the current in the shunt-coil with reference to that in the series coils the necessary amount to give the quadrature relation, as indicated in Fig. 4:, in which line 0 A represents at a given instant the current in the series coils of, the meter; line 0 E, the main shunt-current; line C E, which is equal and parallel, to line 0 D, the current in the non-inductive shunt Z, and line 0 C the current in the shunt-coil of the meter. The angle A O C is the phase angle between the current in the shunt-coiland the current in the series coils, this angle being ninety degrees, as desired. The angleG O E is the angle of compensation in this instance.

Instead of employing either an inductive shunt to the series coils or a non-inductive shunt to the shunt-coil of the meter alone both of these correcting means may be employed.

When both shunts are employed, the desired adjustment is obviously effected partially by one shunt and partially by the other, as is, indicated in Fig. 5, in which line O E represents themain shunt-current, line 0 A the current in the main circuit, lines B A and O D" the current in the inductive shunt z, and lines C E and O D the current in the non-. inductive shunt Z. By reason of the non-inductive shunt Z the shunt-current is retarded so as to be represented as regards angular position by line 0 O, and the series current is advanced by the inductive shunt 'Z to a position represented by the line D B, the angle B G being ninety degrees, as desired.

As illustrated by the diagram, each shunt makes one-half of the phase adjustment; but

it is obvious that the angular adjustment ef fected by either may be anything desired provided the adjustment eifected by the two amounts to ninety degrees The correct proportioning of the coils will obviously depend upon the conditions to be met in any particular case and may be readily determined by any one skilled in the art.

My invention, as hereinbefore set forth and hereinafter claimed, is intended to cover and include proper means for displacing the current in either of the field-coils with reference to that in the other and for displacing the currents in both field-coils so as to obtain a quadrature relation for a'condition of no lag in the Work-circuit.

I do not herein claim specific means for displacing the current in the shunt field-coil, however, since I have made such means the subject-matter of a divisional application filed April 2A, 1900, Serial N o. 14:,17 5. Neither do I herein claim any method'of'phas'e-anglead justment, but have made such method the While my invention is illustrated and de-- scribed in connection withan instrument for measuring. electrical energy, and is primarily intended for use in such relations, I do not desireor intend to limit it as regards the particular apparatus with'which it is employed.

I claim as my invention V,

1. In a wattmeter, an induction-motor device having two energizing-coils supplied from a single source of alternating current and a closed circuited armature, one of said coils being in shunt to the translating devices, the other being in series with said translating devices, at least one of said coils being shunted by a local circuit of different time constant than that of the coil shunted, substantially as described.

2. In a wattmeter, an induction-motor device having two energizing-coils supplied with current from a single source, one of said coils being in shunt to the work-circuit, the other being in series with said work-circuit, the series coil being separately shunted by a circuit of greater time constant than that of itself, substantially as described.

3. 'In a wattmeter, an induction-motor device having, when in operation, two periodic fluxes corresponding in phase with the current of their energizing-coils, and separated from each other by an angle dilfering from ninety degrees by the angle of current lag in the work-circuit, such phase-angle difference being maintained by the action of circuits in shunt to one or both of said coils, the energizing-coils being supplied from a single source of alternating current, substantially as described.

4. An instrument for measuring electrical energy comprising a shunt-connected coil, a series-connected coil, a movable armature located in the magnetic fields of said coils, an inductive resistance in the shunt-circuit, and an inductive resistance in shunt to said series coil, whereby the currents in the shunt and series coils are brought into the required phase relation.

5. The combination with an alternating-current circuit of means for measuring the true energy therein, comprising a coil connected in shunt and a coil connected in series with said circuit, an armature actuated by said coils, an inductive resistance in shunt to said series coil, whereby the desired phase relation is secured.

6. The combination with a field-coil, and an inductive resistance in series therewith, of a second field-coil and an inductive resistance, in shunt thereto,

7. In an alternating-current meter operated by currents difiering in phase and comprising two actuating-coils, means for causing the current through one of said coils to lag behind its electromotive forceapproximately ninety degrees, and an inductiveresistance in shunt to the other of said coils.

8. An electric measuring instrument com-. prising a rotatable, closed-circuit armature,- an inducing-coilconnected in series in the work-circuit, a second inducing-coil connected across the said circuit. and having an inductive resistance in series with it and a shunt around one of said coils and entirely outside ofboth magnetic fields, said shunt having a resistance'for increasing the. phase anglebetween said magnetic fields.

' 9. The combination in an alternating-current inductive wattmeter, of primary magnet- .izing coils or circuits, only two in number, the

one being in series and the other in shunt relation to the consumption-circuit and the two carrying currents having a phase-angle difference other than ninety degrees, and a phaseadjusting circuit or branch circuit for causing the phase difference between the currents in said two magnetizing-circuits to be substantially equal to ninety degrees.

10. In a phase-adjusting device especially adapted for adjusting the phase of inductionwattmeters, the combination of two energizing coils or circuits having a phase difference other than ninety degrees, one of the said circuits being in shunt or shunt relation to the source of electric energy and the other of the circuits being in series or series relation with the source of electric energy, one at least of the said coils being shunted by a local circuit of a difierent time constant than that of the coil shunted, whereby the current phase of either circuit may be adjusted with respect to the other circuit to bring about a phase difference of ninety degrees between the two circuits.

11. In phase adjustment, the combination of a plurality of coils or circuits one in series too or series relation with a source of currentashunt-coil acting with the series coil and provided with phase-adjusting means for lagging the phase of its current and-an inductive resistance in parallel with the series coil, as and for the purposes set forth.

14. In a motor-meter for alternating currents, the combination of arotor, aseries coil, a shunt-coil and an inductive resistance elecrents differing in phase by an angle other thmil ninety degrees and phase-advancing means for one of the coils in shunt relation to said coil for bringing about quadrature between the coils.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 8th day of May, A. D. 20 1896.

EGBERTV M. TINGLEY.

Witnesses:

WESLEY G. CARR, HUBERT G. TENER. 

